The first and essential step in either procedure is to define the problem.

The defect is a symptom, not the problem. And just as symptoms point to the possible causes, so do symptomatic defects

encountered in plating.

 Proper analysis will greatly narrow the area that must be investigated, simplifying the procedure and reducing time required.

For all plating solutions there is an optimum plating range.

Chemical analysis alone is often insufficient to maintain the solution within this range.

For this reason, HULL CELL panel are widely used to determine: